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The hierarchy of controls
This list of control measures is ordered according to effectiveness at reducing risks.
To choose the best control for any risk, begin by considering the most effective option, and then only considering the next option on the list if the more effective one can’t be used.
Eliminate
The best way to reduce a risk is to remove the hazard.
E.g. using a trolley instead of carrying eliminates a manual handling hazard.
Substitute
If you can’t remove it altogether, substitute the
hazard for something less risky. E.g. cleaning products with
bleach can be harmful. Another product without bleach might do the same job.
Contain
Preventing access or containing a hazard is usually done by means
of barriers - for example a guard over a sharp blade or keeping hazardous
chemicals in a locked cupboard. This is an important measure
where removing the hazard altogether is not feasible.
Reduce exposure
Reducing exposure to a hazard means you’re reducing the likelihood
of harm occurring and so reducing the risk. E.g. computer users can
lower the risk of upper limb disorders by doing tasks away from their
PC every so often.
Training and supervision
Information, training and supervision help to make sure people follow
procedures and are aware of the risks when working with hazards.
These measures only work together with other controls.
Personal protective equipment
The law says PPE must be supplied and used at work wherever there’s a risk
that can’t be adequately controlled in other ways. It’s always better to
control risks at source than to protect from the outcome. People often don't
use PPE properly if they find it annoying, so it should always be a last
resort when risks can’t be controlled any other way.
Welfare facilities
If facilities for washing or first aid are on hand for quick treatment
after an accident, the extent of injury can sometimes be controlled.
It’s always better to prevent accidents occurring in the first place.
Welfare should only ever serve as a back-up for emergencies if all other controls fail.
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Most effective
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| Least effective |
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Note
Risk controls and their cost should be offset against the level of risk identified.
In general the most effective control should always be implemented to reduce the
risk as far a possible. However when a particular control involves excessive costs
compared to the safety gains it’s usually acceptable to consider a less effective control.
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